| 63 | BC | Cicero delivered his Fourth Oration against Catiline, before the Senate, which approves the execution without trial of the jailed conspirators in the Tullianum Prison. |
| 0 | | Roman Festival of the Faunalia, honoring Faunus, seeking protection for the flocks and celebrating the end of the agricultural year |
| 0 | | Feast of Saint Emeric, Prince of Hungary |
| 0 | | the Day of Military Honor in Russia, commemorating the Battle of Moscow |
| 741 | | Consecration of Pope Zacharias (741-752), later canonized |
| 1349 | | Black Death Riots in Nuremberg: Jews are massacred |
| 1496 | | King Manuel I orders Jews expelled from Portugal |
| 1560 | | Charles IX, aged 10, ascends the throne of France (1560-1574) |
| 1590 | | Niccolo Spondrati elected Pope as Gregory XIV (1590-1591) |
| 1757 | | Seven Years' War - Battle of Leuthen: Frederick the Great's Prussians defeat the Austrians under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine |
| 1807 | | British seaman Robert Jeffrey was marooned on Sombrero Island -- Learn More |
| 1812 | | Napoleon deserted his army at Smorgonie, still over 150 miles inside Russia |
| 1838 | | The French capture Vera Cruz, Mexico -- Learn More |
| 1861 | | Richard Gatling applies for a patent on a clever device |
| 1862 | | Battle of Coffeeville, MS |
| 1870 | | Joint resolution of Congress condemns the KKK |
| 1916 | | Explosion in the shell filling facility at Barnbow, England, leaves 35 women dead |
| 1928 | | President-Elect Herbert Hoover received a tumultuous welcome in Peru -- Learn More |
| 1933 | | Repeal Day: The 21st Amendment is ratified, repealing the 18th and barring national prohibition |
| 1934 | | Wal Wal: Border clash between Italian & Ethiopian troops |
| 1941 | | 'Lexington' (CV-2) steams from Pearl Harbor to deliver aircraft to Midway |
| 1941 | | Japanese First Air Fleet arrived at 40 North 178 East, c. 1650 miles from Pearl Harbor |
| 1941 | | Japanese invasion forces sail from Camrahn Bay and Saigon |
| 1941 | | US military commanders in the Pacific are informed that Japanese embassies & consulates have been ordered to destroy their codes & code machines |
| 1941 | | Moscow Counteroffensive: Under pressure from Zhukov's Soviet troops, the Germans call off their drive on Moscow |
| 1942 | | Allies maneuver to increase pressure on the Japanese at Buna-Gona |
| 1943 | | Japanese air raid on port facilities at Calcutta |
| 1943 | | USAAF introduces drop-tanks, allowing P-47s & P-51s to escort bombers from Britain into German |
| 1944 | | German troops confiscate all the silver coins in Utrecht |
| 1944 | | Italo-Allied forces liberate Ravenna |
| 1950 | | UN forces abandon Pyongyang under heavy Chinese pressure |
| 1500 | BC | Mithra, Protector of Truth, and the Guardian of Cattle, the Harvest, and of the Waters. |
| 852 | | Zhu Wen, later Zhu Quanzhong and Zhu Huang, the Emperor Taizu of Later Liang (907-912) |
| 1377 | | Zhu Yunwen, later the Jianwen Emperor of Ming China (1398-13 July 1402) |
| 1443 | | Giuliano delle Rovere - Pope Julius II (1503-1513), warrior, patron of the arts |
| 1782 | | Martin Van Buren, militiaman, first person born an American citizen to become President (1837-1841), d. 1862 -- Learn More |
| 1839 | | George Armstrong Custer, Maj. Gen., USV, kia 1876 |
| 1859 | | John Jellicoe, admiral, who didn't lose the Big One in 1916, d. 1935 -- Learn More |
| 1861 | | Armando Diaz, Italian supreme commander in WW I, d. 1928 |
| 1867 | | Józef Pilsudski, Polish patriot, d. 1935 |
| 1875 | | Arthur William Currie, Canadian soldier, GOC Canadian Corps, WW I, d. 1933 |
| 1902 | | Strom Thurmond, oldest man to jump into Normandy, politician, segregationist, d. 2003 |
| 1907 | | Lin Biao, Red Chinese general, d. 1971 |
| 1911 | | Wladyslaw Szpilman, Polish patriot and musician ("The Pianist"), d. 2000 |
| 1925 | | Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Dictator/President of Nicaragua (1967-1972, 1874-1979), assassinated, 1980 -- Learn More |
| 1927 | | Bhumibol Adulyadej, King Rama IX of Thailand (1946-2016), jazzman |
| 63 | BC | Praetor P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura, Senator G. Cornelius Cethegus, M. Caeparius, L. Statilius, M. Caeparius, P. Gabinius Capito, strangled in the Tullianum for their part in Catiline's conspiracy |
| 1082 | | Count Ramon Berenguer II of Barcelona (1076-1082), c. 28-29, assassinated |
| 1345 | | Matteo Orsini, Lord of Mugnano, murdered at Orvieto |
| 1355 | | Duke Jan III "the Triumphant" of Brabant, Lothier, and Limburg (1312-1355), c. 55 |
| 1560 | | King Francis II of France (1559-60), at 16 |
| 1784 | | Phillis Wheatley, sometime slave, African-American Patriot poet, at 32 -- Learn More |
| 1791 | | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 35, boy genius musician and composer |
| 1870 | | Alexandre Dumas, père, 68, novelist ("The Count of Monte Cristo") |
| 1891 | | Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (1831-89), 65 |
| 1955 | | Glenn Luther Martin, 69, American aviation pioneer |
| 1969 | | Claudius Dornier, aircraft designer, b. 1884 |
| 1977 | | Marshal of the Soviet Union Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vasilevsky, at 82 |
| 2007 | | William J. Lederer, 97, CAPT, USN (Ret), co-author of "The Ugly American" |
| 2008 | | Richard Topus, US Army master pigeonman, 1942-1945, at 84 |