| 0 | | Feast of Saints Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia, Martyrs, Patrons of Soldiers, Guardsmen, and Arms Dealers |
| 0 | | International 'Star Trek' Day |
| 1141 | | Battle of Qatwan, near Samarkand: The traditionalist Kara-Khitans under Yelu Dashi defeat the Moslem Seljuqs |
| 1276 | | Election of Pope John XXI (Sep 8, 1276-May 20, 1277) |
| 1380 | | Battle of Kulikovo Pole: Dmitri Donskoi's Russians defeat the Tatars |
| 1495 | | King Ferrantino II of Naples laid siege to French-held Gaeta (falls Nov 18) -- Learn More |
| 1565 | | Italo-Spanish fleet begins landing troops on Malta to break the Turkish siege |
| 1625 | | Treaty of Southhampton: England and the Netherlands ally against Spain |
| 1628 | | Dutch sea dog Piet Heyn captures a Spanish treasure fleet, Matanzas, Cuba |
| 1664 | | Peter Stuyvesant surrenders the Nieuw Netherlands to the English fleet, backed up by Royal troops and New England militiamen [Gregorian] [ see Births] |
| 1755 | | Sir William Johnson's Colonials and Mohawks defeated the Baron de Dieskau's French and Indians in the Battle of Lake George -- Learn More |
| 1760 | | French surrender Montreal to Lord Jeffrey Amherst |
| 1796 | | Battle of Bassano del Grappa: Massena defeats the Austrians under Wurmser |
| 1798 | | the British defeat a French invasion of Ireland in the Battle of Ballinamuck -- Learn More |
| 1812 | | British General Sir Arthur Wellesley and 35,000 men invested the French-held Spanish town of Ciudad Rodrigo -- Learn More |
| 1848 | | Uprising at Bologna: The citizens oust the Austrians |
| 1855 | | the French stormed the Malakof Bastion at Sebastopol -- Learn More |
| 1863 | | Battle of Telford's Depot, TN |
| 1863 | | Texans repel Union invasion force at Sabine Pass, TX |
| 1900 | | Galveston is devastated by a hurricane: Perhaps 6,000 die |
| 1919 | | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General of the Armies John J. Pershing & 25,000 Doughboys |
| 1923 | | Seven USN destroyers ground at Point Honda, Ca., by a navigational error, 23 die |
| 1939 | | FDR declares a "limited national emergency" due to war in Europe |
| 1939 | | German panzers reach the outskirts of Warsaw |
| 1941 | | Nazis massacre the Jews of Meretsch, Lithuania |
| 1942 | | 700 Marine Raiders hit Tasimboko, Guadalcanal, in the Japanese rear |
| 1942 | | Japanese destroyer squadron shells Tulagi |
| 1942 | | Japanese open 5 battalion attack on Aussies at Egofi, the Kokoda Trail |
| 1943 | | Italy secretly concludes an armistice with the Allies |
| 1943 | | U.S DD bombard Lae to support Australian 9th Div |
| 1943 | | US aircraft bomb targets near Rome, escorted by Italian fighters |
| 1943 | | Operation Zitronella/Sizilien: A German naval squadron raids Allied installations in Spitzbergen |
| 1944 | | the U.S. Army Air Forces received the first Republic-Ford JB-2 rocket -- the "American V-1" -- Learn More |
| 1944 | | First V-2 attacks on London; 3 die in Cheswick |
| 1944 | | Russian troops enter Bulgaria, which promptly declares war on Germany |
| 1945 | | US troops land in Korea to assume occupation duties |
| 1948 | | British De Havilland 08 fighter flies faster than sound |
| 1951 | | Japan signs peace treaty with 48 countries at San Francisco |
| 1954 | | Manila: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) formed |
| 1962 | | Chinese troops invade India |
| 1966 | | "Star Trek" debuts on NBC |
| 1991 | | Macedonia declares independence from Yugoslavia |
| 15 | BC | Mary, the mother of Jesus [Traditional - more probably c. 20 BC] |
| 1157 | | King Richard I "Lionheart" of England (1189-99) -- Learn More |
| 1207 | | King Sancho II of Portugal (1223-1247), deposed, d. 1248 |
| 1474 | | Ludovico Ariosto, epic poet ("Orlando Furioso"), d. 1533 |
| 1499 | | Diane de Poitiers, mistress of King Henri II of France, d. 1566 |
| 1592 | | Peter Stuyvesant, Dutch general, Director-General of the Nieuw Netherlands (1647-1664), d. 1672 [Trad] |
| 1621 | | Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, le Grand Condé, Victor of Rocroi, d. 1686 -- Learn More |
| 1765 | | Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari - Pope Gregory XVI (1730-1746) |
| 1779 | | Ottoman Sultan Mustafa IV (1807-08), deposed and murdered |
| 1821 | | Henry Baxter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1873 |
| 1828 | | Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Maj Gen, U.S.V., citizen-soldier, d. 1914 |
| 1829 | | George Crook, Maj Gen, U.S., noted Indian fighter, d. 1890 |
| 1829 | | Seth Maxwell Barton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900 |
| 1886 | | Siegfried Sassoon, war poet, author ("Memoirs of an Infantry Officer"), d. 1967 |
| 1912 | | James Lincoln Holt Peck, American airman, reputed ace in the Spanish Civil War, d. 1996 -- Learn More |
| 394 | | Arbogast the Frank, parton of the usurping Emperor Flavius Eugenius, suicide to escape capture |
| 701 | | Pope Sergius I (687-701) |
| 780 | | Byzantine Emperor Leo IV (775-80), 30 |
| 1397 | | Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, was smothered at 42 by agents of his nephew, King Richard II of England |
| 1613 | | Prince Carlo Gesualdo of Venosa, musician, murderer, at 47 |
| 1862 | | Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín, 33, Mexican general, hero of the Battle of Puebla ("Cinco de Mayo) |
| 1881 | | Prince Frederik of the Netherlands, general and admiral, at 84 |
| 1888 | | Annie Chapman, c. 47, Jack the Ripper's second victim |
| 1933 | | Faisal I bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi, 48, leader of the Arab Revolt (1916-1918), friend to Lawrence, King of Greater Syria (1920), King of Iraq (1921-1933) |
| 1935 | | Louisiana Senator Huey P. Long, 42, shot by Dr. Carl Austin Weiss, Jr. |
| 1935 | | Dr. Carl Austin Weiss, Jr, 28, shot by Long's bodyguards. |
| 1943 | | Prince Ferrante Vincenzo Gonzaga, 54, Italian soldier, Commanding 222nd Coast Artillery Brigade, kia resisting capture by the Germans |
| 1951 | | Jurgen Stroop, 56, Nazi commander of the Warsaw Ghetto, hanged |
| 1967 | | Juliusz Karol Wilhelm Józef Rómmel, 88, Polish general, distant kinsman of Erwin Rommel -- Learn More |
| 1972 | | Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, 72, Nazi thug, in prison |
| 2003 | | Bertha Helene Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl, Nazi film maker, at 101 |
| 2013 | | Shalom Yoran (born Selim Sznycer), 88, Polish Jewish resistance fighter, aeronautical executive, philanthropist |
| 2022 | | Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (1952-2022), at 96 |